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"Underwood, Shelley"
صنف حسب:
Bovine Semen Quality Control in Artificial Insemination Centers
Fertility is a multiparametric phenomenon that relies on the use of semen of sufficient quality and quantity, accurate timing and method of insemination, and appropriate herd management. When using artificial insemination (AI), the dairy producer must manage a range of these factors, including heat detection, timing of insemination in relation to estrus, and correct handling of the frozen straws. Manual semen analysis using a light microscope has been the standard method for analysis in most semen production centers (SPCs). Quality control (QC) is the assurance that each batch of straws has undergone semen analysis to verify that the sample is likely to be fertile. Computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) is a powerful tool for the objective assessment of sperm motility and is used for evaluating semen quality. Flow cytometry analyzes cells suspended in a stream of fluid passing at high velocity in front of one or several lasers.
Book Chapter
Minibeasts
This book looks at some of the worlds smallest animals with no backbones. Each minibeast has its own special features that help it survive.
Book
Genomic characterization of the RH locus detects complex and novel structural variation in multi-ethnic cohorts
Rh antigens can provoke severe alloimmune reactions, particularly in high-risk transfusion contexts, such as sickle cell disease. Rh antigens are encoded by the paralogs, RHD and RHCE, located in one of the most complex genetic loci. Our goal was to characterize RH genetic variation in multi-ethnic cohorts, with the focus on detecting RH structural variation (SV).
We customized analytical methods to estimate paralog-specific copy number from next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. We applied these methods to clinically characterized samples, including four World Health Organization (WHO) genotyping references and 1135 Asian and Native American blood donors. Subsequently, we surveyed 1715 African American samples from the Jackson Heart Study.
Most samples in each dataset exhibited SV. SV detection enabled prediction of the immunogenic RhD and RhC antigens in concordance (>99%) with serological phenotyping. RhC antigen expression was associated with exon 2 hybrid alleles (RHCE*CE-D(2)-CE). Clinically relevant exon 4-7 hybrid alleles (RHD*D-CE(4-7)-D) and exon 9 hybrid alleles (RHCE*CE-D(9)-CE) were prevalent in African Americans.
This study shows custom NGS methods can accurately detect RH SV, and that SV is important to inform prediction of relevant RH alleles. Additionally, this study provides the first large NGS survey of RH alleles in African Americans.
Journal Article
The Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health (SSSH): Psychometric Evaluation and Initial Validation of the SSSH Baseline Spirituality Survey
This paper describes the development and initial psychometric testing of the baseline Spirituality Survey (SS-1) from the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health (SSSH). The SS-1 contains a mixture of items selected from validated existing scales and new items generated to measure important constructs not captured by existing instruments, and our purpose here was to establish the validity of new and existing measures in a racially/ethnically diverse sample. Psychometric properties of the SS-1 were evaluated using standard psychometric analyses in 4563 SSSH participants. Predictive validity of SS-1 scales was assessed in relation to the physical and mental health component scores from the Short-Form 12 Health Survey (SF-12). Scales exhibited adequate to strong psychometric properties and demonstrated construct and predictive validity. Overall, the correlational findings provided solid evidence that the SS-1 scales are associated with a wide range of relevant R/S attitudes, mental health, and to a lesser degree physical health.
Journal Article
Use of Focus Groups in Multi-Site, Multi-Ethnic Research Projects for Women’s Health
To outline the lessons learned about the use of focus groups for the multisite, multi-ethnic longitudinal Study of Women Across the Nation (SWAN). Focus groups were designed to identify potential cultural differences in the incidence of symptoms and the meaning of transmenopause among women of diverse cultures, and to identify effective recruitment and retention strategies.
Inductive and deductive focus groups for a multi-ethnic study.
Seven community research sites across the United States conducted focus groups with six ethnic populations: African American, Chinese American, Japanese American, Mexican American, non-Hispanic white, and Puerto Rican.
Community women from each ethnic group of color.
A set of four/five focus groups in each ethnic group as the formative stage of the deductive, quantitative SWAN survey.
Identification of methodological advantages and challenges to the successful implementation of formative focus groups in a multi-ethnic, multi-site population-based epidemiologic study.
We provide recommendations from our lessons learned to improve the use of focus groups in future studies with multi-ethnic populations.
Mixed methods using inductive and deductive approaches require the scientific integrity of both research paradigms. Adequate resources and time must be budgeted as essential parts of the overall strategy from the outset of study. Inductive cross-cultural researchers should be key team members, beginning with inception through each subsequent design phase to increase the scientific validity, generalizability, and comparability of the results across diverse ethnic groups, to assure the relevance, validity and applicability of the findings to the multicultural population of focus.
Journal Article
A comparison of Tl-201, Tc-99m sestamibi, and Tc-99m tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in patients with mild to moderate coronary stenosis
Thallium 201, technetium 99m sestamibi (MIBI), and Tc-99m tetrofosmin differ in their myocardial uptake characteristics. This may make the technetium tracers less sensitive for detecting mild to moderate coronary stenosis.
We identified 163 patients with angiographic mild to moderate stenosis (50%-89%) and coexistent severe disease (88/163 patients) from a previous study of patients who received either thallium, MIBI, or tetrofosmin for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Summed segmental uptake scores were used to assess myocardial perfusion of territories supplied by the mildly to moderately stenotic vessels. Mean (± SD) summed stress uptake scores in the left anterior descending artery territory were 21.4 ± 3.8, 21.6 ± 4.2, and 22.1 ± 2.3 for thallium, MIBI, and tetrofosmin, respectively (
P = .7); mean summed difference uptake scores were 1.2 ± 1.8, 1.1 ± 1.9, and 1.0 ± 1.1, respectively (
P = .8). In the non–left anterior descending artery territory, mean summed stress uptake scores were 32.5 ± 6.3, 34.0 ± 6.3, and 34.5 ± 4.7 for thallium, MIBI, and tetrofosmin, respectively (
P = .4), whereas mean summed difference scores were 1.9 ± 2.6, 1.7 ± 2.2, and 1.7 ± 2.3, respectively (
P = .9).
There were no significant differences between the tracers for the summed uptake scores. This suggests that the 3 tracers are comparable in clinical practice for assessing the extent and severity of perfusion abnormalities arising from mild to moderate coronary artery stenosis, especially in the presence of coexistent severe disease.
Journal Article